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Product Market Competition and Performance: A Case Study
Hamed Mehrani
Abstract Background: Corporate performance can be influenced by competitive markets, and product market competition can drive managers to improve company performance. Also, considering the role of managers in making financial and operational decisions in the company, the influence of managers' power on its performance is inevitable. The issue of privatization or competition in the product market and their impact on corporate performance has not yet reached a definite conclusion. Some articles argue that increasing competition in the product market than privatization plays a more important role in enhancing resource allocation efficiency. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of management power on both product market competition and firm performance in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To do so, an unbalanced panel dataset includes an example of 97 companies in Iran, year-to-year observations, 12 industries from 2013 to 2016 is considered. Using non-parametric methods, in the first step, it examined whether there were differences in the industry related to debt ratio and competition in the product market (through proximity Tobin Q). Using the HHI index, the paper also measured the product market competition in every single industry. Results: The GMM results show that there are no lines for debit ratio grading and low-level companies enhance their debt-to-product ratio Market Competition. Conclusion: companies with low growth prospects are low and high Iranian companies seem to have a cubic correlation between leverage and Tobin Sa.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1-8 ] DOI: 10.22587/jasr.2020.16.1.1
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Cubic Transmuted Fréchet Distribution
Rania M. Shalabi
Abstract In this paper, a Cubic Transmuted Fréchet distribution (CTFD) to expand the work of cubic transmuted distribution families. CTFD increases the ability of the transmuted distributions to be flexible and facilitate the modelling of more complex data. Some statistical properties of CTFD are discussed. To estimate the parameters for model, the maximum likelihood estimation technique, Bootstrap (BtSp), the least-squares (LS) and the weighted least-squares (WLS) methods are considered. Finally, in order to appear the interest of the Cubic Transmuted Fréchet Distribution, two real datasets are used to examine the ability to apply it and to observe the performance of estimation techniques on CTFD, Fréchet and transmuted Fréchet distributions. The observed results showed that CTFD gives better fit than Fréchet and transmuted Fréchet distributions for the applied data sets.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 9-19 ] DOI: 10.22587/jasr.2020.16.1.2
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Application of Secreted Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) to Develop A candidate Vaccine for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS - CoV)
Thamer A. Bouback, Ishtiaq Qadri, Fahad Al-fassi, Mohamed A. Ali
Abstract Background and Objective: A novel coronavirus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and caused high mortality rates in humans and spread to 27 other countries in the World. No approved vaccine was developed for the virus till now. Materials and Methods: a novel approach for vaccine development was introduced her using surface bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which gave promising results. A DNA construct containing the spike gene of MERS-CoV cloned in pcDNA3.1 mammalian expression vector then, transformed into Escherichia coli DH10β to prepare OMVs containing the spike protein. The new candidate OMVs vaccine was immunized to BALB/c mice to be evaluated. The whole MERS-CoV inactivated vaccine and empty vector OMVs were immunized as controls. Results: Interestingly, the vaccinated mice showing a potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) titers against MERS-CoV comparable with the inactivated virus control after 8 weeks of vaccination. Conclusion: we recommend new candidate OMVs vaccine for camel and human vaccination as a control strategy to limit the spread of MERS-CoV in the Arabian Peninsula region.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 20-26 ] DOI: 10.22587/jasr.2020.16.1.3
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