ANAS Volume 12, Number 2: February, 2018
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The Use of Water Quality Index Technique to Assess Ground Water for Irrigation in Ashatnan Area – Muthanna Governorate – Southern Iraq
Weam Hassan Kadhim
Abstract Ground water is a vital source for agricultural sector and rural communities. The global climate change is expected to change the hydrometeorological processes parameters, so it is vital to investigate the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. Index (GWQI) was used for Groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes in Ashatnan area - Muthanna Governorate – Southern Iraq. The averages of the analyzed parameters pH, TDS, EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, SO4-2, Cl- and HCO3- are7.5,4576.3 ppm, 6485 ,27.7 epm,12.7 epm, 25.1 epm,0.6 epm, 36.2 epm,31.0 epm, and 1.4 epm respectively. The Sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR) average was varied between 4.5 to 6.3 and the index GWQI is ranging from 194 to 274 with an average 236.2. The results reflect the unsuitability for irrigation purposes. The index GWQI was increase due to the higher value of TDS, EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Cl-, and SO4-2. The groundwater chemistry may indicate the effects of the water interaction with the aquifer lithology during groundwater flow and recharge, the storage time in the aquifer in addition to the dissolution of mineral species. In conclusion, the effect of salinity and the carbonate weathering is clear in the aquifer indicated by chloride-bearing water. The main sources of Ca2+ are limestone, dolomitic limestone, marl and gypsum, whereas the Mg2+ sources are dolomitic limestone and dolomite. The values of TDS (greater than 500 ppm) are mostly indicates beside the carbonate weathering, the brine or seawater effects due to vertical recharge through the fault system as well as the presence of another source of Na rather than halite partial leaching it would be clay minerals (silicate) dissolution.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1-5 ] DOI: 10.22587/anas.2018.12.2.1
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Toxicological and Biochemical Investigation of certain Herbicides on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes under Laboratory Conditions
Reda M. Saba, Ibrahim A. Mohamed, Mohamed A. I. Ahmed
Abstract The knowledge of how herbicides affect mosquito ecology and behavior is confined. This study evaluated the toxicity of six selected herbicides in comparison with one insecticide (thiamethoxam+ chlorantraniliprole) on 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens after 24, 48, and 72-h exposure. Plus, this study investigated the biochemical effects of these pesticides on 4th instar larvae using sodium dodecyl sulphate-total protein (SDS-total protein) technique. As a result, thiamethoxam+ chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic pesticide among all tested pesticides (LC50 was 0.0083, 0.0016, and 0.0004 μg/ml after 24, 48, and 72-h exposure, respectively) while mesosulfuron-methyl+iodosulfuron-methyl is considered the most potent herbicide among the evaluated herbicides (LC50 was 0.67, 0.45, and 0.36 μg/ml after 24, 48, and 72-h exposure, respectively). Clodinafop-propargyl+pinoxaden, diclofop-methyl, bromoxynil octanoate, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl were demonstrated to be of moderate toxic herbicides on the mosquito larvae. In biochemical studies, new bands of protein were found rather than those in the control. For instance, Three new bands with molecular weight of approximately 41, 22, and 19 kDa were detected in Culex pipiens larvae samples treated in the same of these herbicides with glyphosate isopropylamine, diclofop-methyl, and mesosulfuron-methyl+iodosulfuron-methyl. Future studies should be conducted to investigate the mechanisms of the selected herbicides that induced changes in mosquito to get better comprehension of these functions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 6-12 ] DOI: 10.22587/anas.2018.12.2.2
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Analysis of Bending Response of Tubes Conveying Fluid by the Method of Characteristics
Ahmed Al-Rajihy and Mohanned Kadhom
Abstract The present work deals with the dynamical response of tubes conveying flowing fluid and subjected to external impact loading using the method of characteristics as an approach of solution. Tubes has many important applications such as fuel lines, hydraulic lines, heat exchangers and transportation of fluids according to the demand. The dynamical analysis of tubes conveying fluid is of important necessity to insure safe operation. The work is focused on the investigation of the effect of fluid flow on the bending response of a cantilever pipe subjected to lateral impact force. The governing equation is derived according to Newton’s second law. The approach of solution depends on the wave propagation in one-dimensional structural element using the Method of characteristics. The LabVIEW software was used to analyze the signals picked up from the accelerometers, impact hammer and strain gages that used in the experiments. A calibrated ultrasonic flow meter was used to measure the flow velocity. The results show that increasing the flow velocity results in reducing the amplitude of bending moment response to the impact lateral force by about 9%. The results also show that the time required to attenuate the amplitude of the bending moment response by 90% is about 48%. These effects are due to the Coriolis Effect which depends on the flow velocity of fluid and lateral velocity of tube. This study concludes that the velocity of fluid flow has an important influence on the dynamic response of tubes conveying fluid. Also we found that the method of characteristics (MOC) is found to be a suitable approach for idealizing the wave propagation in fluid-structure interaction elements.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 13-20 ] DOI: 10.22587/anas.2018.12.2.3
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Studying Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties of Cadmium Oxide
Nadia J.Ghdeeb, Eman K. jabur, Noha H. Harb, Nisreen.Kh.abdalameer
Abstract
CdO is an n-type semiconductor with a rock-salt crystal structure (fcc) and possesses a direct band gap of 2.2 eV . Its high
electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance in the visible region of solar spectrum along with a moderate reflective
index make it useful for various applications, photodiodes, gas sensors, etc. CdO and CdO:Cuthin films have been prepared on
glass substrates at 380C°substrate temperature by the chemical spray pyrolysis(CSP) method using an aqueous solution with
varying copper concentrations. The thickness of the films have been measured to be (200±5)nm. The films have been
characterized to evaluate the structure ,morphology, transmittance and optical energy band gab. X-ray diffraction(XRD)
studies show that the films are polycrystalline with cubic structures. The optical band gab energies and types of optical
transition and absorption of the films have been determined from the optical transmittance spectra. The optical absorption
studies in the wavelength range 300–900 nm show that band gap energy values of the films increase from (2 to 3)eV as
the Cu concentration increases.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 21-25 ] DOI: 10.22587/anas.2018.12.2.4
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